Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Various Restorative Materials: An In Vivo Biochemical Study

Background: To determine in vivo oxidative stresses induced by dental amalgam, composite resin, and glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients were selected for the study between the ages of 15 and 40 years. Informed consent and Institutional Ethical Approval was obtained. The samples were divided into three groups depending on the type of restorative material planned for them, i.e., silver amalgam, composite resin, and GIC. Saliva was collected before restoration, 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days after restoration. The salivary oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured and statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Friedman's test. Results: The results show that the patients treated with amalgam restoration had shown significantly higher values as compared to composite and GIC at all the three-time intervals studied. Conclusion: This study revealed that amalgam fillings were associated with the highest oxidative stress marker MDA as compared with composite and glass ionomer restoration at all the three-time intervals studied. Even after 14 days, the values were much higher indicating free ion leaching from the restoration.