TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of Ion Leachable Resin Composites
T2 - Time-Dependent Water Sorption, Solubility and Hygroscopic Expansion
AU - Alshehri, Abdullah
AU - Almokhatieb, Ahmed A.
AU - Mustafa, Mohammed
AU - Althaqafi, Khaled Abid
AU - Radwan, Waseem Waleed
AU - Alam, Mohammad Khursheed
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
PY - 2025/1/1
Y1 - 2025/1/1
N2 - Aim: This study aimed to assess the time-dependent water sorption, solubility and hygroscopic expansion of experimental resin composites modified with three different types of ion-leachable glasses (ILGs): 45S5 Bioglass (BG), Fluoride-containing glass (F9) and Experimental fluoride-phosphate glass (F9X), incorporated in varying weight percentages (5%, 10% and 15%). Materials and Methods: A 50:50 Bis-GMA/TEGDMA-based resin matrix was loaded with each ILG type in 5, 10 and 15 wt% and compared against a control without filler. Disc-shaped specimens (n = 3 per group; total = 39) were fabricated using a stainless-steel mould and cured using an LED light-curing unit (1200 mW/cm², 20 s per side). The water sorption and solubility were evaluated using a modified ISO 4049 protocol over a 12-week immersion period in distilled water at 37°C, followed by an 8-week desorption phase. Hygroscopic expansion was evaluated through volume change using a digital micrometre. Data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: All ILG-containing composites showed significantly increased water sorption compared to the control, with the BG-15 group demonstrating the highest sorption (3.37% ± 0.09) and expansion. Solubility increased with ILG concentration, especially in the BG and F9X groups. Hygroscopic expansion correlated positively with water uptake. No significant changes were observed in specimen mass after desorption in low filler groups. Conclusion: The incorporation of ILGs into resin composites significantly altered their water uptake and dimensional stability. While these effects could compromise long-term mechanical properties, the resulting hygroscopic expansion may aid in reducing microgaps and secondary caries at restoration margins. Veneering ILG-containing composites with conventional materials is recommended to limit degradation. These findings contribute novel insights into time-dependent dimensional behaviour of bioactive composites.
AB - Aim: This study aimed to assess the time-dependent water sorption, solubility and hygroscopic expansion of experimental resin composites modified with three different types of ion-leachable glasses (ILGs): 45S5 Bioglass (BG), Fluoride-containing glass (F9) and Experimental fluoride-phosphate glass (F9X), incorporated in varying weight percentages (5%, 10% and 15%). Materials and Methods: A 50:50 Bis-GMA/TEGDMA-based resin matrix was loaded with each ILG type in 5, 10 and 15 wt% and compared against a control without filler. Disc-shaped specimens (n = 3 per group; total = 39) were fabricated using a stainless-steel mould and cured using an LED light-curing unit (1200 mW/cm², 20 s per side). The water sorption and solubility were evaluated using a modified ISO 4049 protocol over a 12-week immersion period in distilled water at 37°C, followed by an 8-week desorption phase. Hygroscopic expansion was evaluated through volume change using a digital micrometre. Data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: All ILG-containing composites showed significantly increased water sorption compared to the control, with the BG-15 group demonstrating the highest sorption (3.37% ± 0.09) and expansion. Solubility increased with ILG concentration, especially in the BG and F9X groups. Hygroscopic expansion correlated positively with water uptake. No significant changes were observed in specimen mass after desorption in low filler groups. Conclusion: The incorporation of ILGs into resin composites significantly altered their water uptake and dimensional stability. While these effects could compromise long-term mechanical properties, the resulting hygroscopic expansion may aid in reducing microgaps and secondary caries at restoration margins. Veneering ILG-containing composites with conventional materials is recommended to limit degradation. These findings contribute novel insights into time-dependent dimensional behaviour of bioactive composites.
KW - bioactive ions
KW - fluoride
KW - hygroscopic expansion
KW - ion leachable resin composites
KW - solubility
KW - time-dependent water sorption
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105010667037
U2 - 10.1177/22808000251348969
DO - 10.1177/22808000251348969
M3 - Article
C2 - 40616373
AN - SCOPUS:105010667037
SN - 1722-6899
VL - 23
JO - Journal of Applied Biomaterials and Functional Materials
JF - Journal of Applied Biomaterials and Functional Materials
M1 - 22808000251348969
ER -
