Artificial fish swarm algorithm for energy-efficient routing technique

Wireless Sensor Network consists of an enormous number of small disposable sensors which have limited energy. The sensor nodes equipped with limited power sources. Therefore, efficiently utilizing sensor nodes energy can maintain a prolonged network lifetime. This paper proposes an optimized hierarchical routing technique which aims to reduce the energy consumption and prolong network lifetime. In this technique, the selection of optimal cluster heads (CHs) locations is based on Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA). Various behaviors in AFSA such as preying, swarming, and following are applied to select the best locations of CHs. A fitness function is used to compare between these behaviors to select the best CHs. The model developed is simulated in MATLAB. Simulation results show the stability and efficiency of the proposed technique. The results are obtained in terms of number of alive nodes and the energy residual mean value after some communication rounds. To prove the AFSA efficiency of energy consumption, we have compared it to LEACH and PSO. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms both LEACH and PSO in terms of first node die (FND) round, total data received by base station, network lifetime, and energy consume per round.