Arduino-Based MPPT Technique for PV Modules with Bidirectional DC-DC Converter

To optimize the power output of photovoltaic (PV) systems and increase panel efficiency, a tracking methodology for the maximum power point must be utilized. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is crucial because the output power of a solar panel fluctuates with varying environmental conditions, including solar irradiance and temperature. This work employs a bidirectional DC-DC converter to adjust the electrical operating point of the PV module to achieve maximum output power. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm is introduced and simulated using Simulink with two series-connected solar panels, while the practical implementation uses a single solar panel. The Simulink model is validated with the Simulink Support Package for Arduino Hardware microcontroller. During a two-hour period, the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm successfully tracked the maximum power point amid fluctuating irradiance conditions, achieving a change in power (AP) of approximately 7 W. This swift adjustment of the operating point in response to changing irradiance levels confirms the robustness and suitability of the P&O algorithm for real-time applications, ensuring maximum power harvest.