Analysis of the electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow past a convectively heated stretching surface with suction/injection and non-linear thermal radiation

Fluid flow through a porous media has many industrial applications such as water flowing through rocks and soil and purification of gas and oil mixed in rocks. Also, heat transfer enhancement has been introduced in various thermal and mechanical systems by improving the thermal conductance of base fluids. In this article, the flow of an electrically conducting water-based hybrid nanofluid comprising GO and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles over an extending sheet using a porous medium has been investigated. The space-dependent heat source, Joule heating, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and activation energy impacts are taken into account. For the solution of the modeled equations, the homotopy analysis method is considered. The homotopic convergence is shown with the help of a figure. This analysis is contrasted with previous outcomes and has found a great agreement. The impacts of embedded factors on different flow characteristics, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are displayed using figures and tables. The outcomes of the present analysis show that the increasing magnetic and suction factors have reduced the fluid motion while amplifying the thermal profiles. Additionally, the suction factor has a reducing impact on both temperature and concentration profiles. The thermal profiles have increased with the increasing thermal Biot number, Eckert number, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion factors. The Nusselt numbers have increased with the increasing thermal Biot number and stretching factor but reduced with the increasing thermal radiation and temperature difference factors.