Active and passive control of Casson nanofluid flow on a convectively heated nonlinear stretching permeable surface with the Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion theory

The 3-D Casson nanofluid flow over a nonlinear permeable stretching surface is examined in the present work. The generalized form of Fourier’s heat flux and Fick’s mass flux are incorporated with the additional impacts of the magnetic field, chemical reaction, thermal radiation, and convective conditions for heat transfer. Buongiorno’s model is used for the analysis of Brownian motion and molecular diffusion. The flow mechanism has been formulated in the form of a nonlinear system of partial differential equations, which are converted to the nondimensional form of the system of ordinary differential equations, using the similarity substitution. The homotopy analysis method has been applied for the solution of a derived nondimensional set of differential equations. The consequences of flow constraints on the energy, mass, and velocity fields are presented. It has been noted that the mass and energy curves are the increasing functions of the Forchheimer number, porosity factor, Hartman number, and thermophoresis parameters. Furthermore, it is found that compared to passive control, active control of nanoparticles gives a higher rate of energy transmission.