Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. (Combretaceae)

Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. (Combretaceae) has several potential health-promoting effects, such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects. Phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf extract of this plant led to the isolation and identification of eight compounds viz., gallic acid (1), dihydromyricetin (2), myricetin (3), daucosterol (4), syringetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside (6), gallocatechin (7), and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (8). Their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro and in silico inhibitory activities were evaluated. Daucosterol (4) showed the highest activity (IC₅₀ 0.316 μM) which was further validated by the superimposed docking orientation with the co-crystallized inhibitor, donepezil.