A taguchi neural network–based optimization of a dual-port, dual-band MIMO antenna encompassing the 28/34 GHz millimeter wave regime

This study presents a novel printed antenna design that operates at the millimeter-wave frequencies of 28 and 34 GHz, which are crucial for the current and upcoming mobile communication generations. The radiating component in the antenna is a slot-etched rectangular ring that is fed through a stepped impedance microstrip line feed. Using advanced machine learning techniques, the design parameters of the suggested antenna have been fine-tuned to ensure optimal impedance matching at 28 GHz within the frequency range of 27.61–28.49 GHz. Additionally, the antenna also provides excellent impedance matching at 34.5 GHz within the frequency range of 33.61–34.27 GHz. Using the designated antenna, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system with two ports is constructed. The MIMO system’s performance is evaluated by analyzing channel capacity loss (CCL), diversity gain (DG), and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), which showcases outstanding outcomes. The study further explores the optimization of a antenna’s structure using a Taguchi-based Neural Network (Taguchi NN) approach to predict the reflection coefficient (|S₁₁|) across a frequency range of 27–35 GHz. By systematically varying the gap width (∆w) and shift (∆t), a dataset was generated and used to train the network. The optimal model configuration achieved a validation Mean Square Error (MSE) of 2.244 and an R² of 0.848 enabling reliable prediction of the reflection coefficient (|S₁₁|) without extensive simulations. The findings further highlight the construction and experimental assessment of a single-element antenna and MIMO system, which exhibit excellent impedance matching across both lower and higher frequency bands. The antenna displays a maximum gain of 8.75 and 5.5 dBi at frequencies of 28 and 34 GHz, respectively. The recommended antenna exhibits excellent radiation efficiency across both lower and higher frequency bands, with rates of 98.46% and 99.17%, respectively. In addition, the experimental measurements of the coupling coefficients between the MIMO antenna systems indicate extremely low coupling values. This results in an efficient MIMO system that is well-suited for future millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications.