A systematic review of waste materials in cement-based composites for construction applications

There is a remarkable impact of the construction industry on the environment, contributing considerably to CO₂ emissions, natural resource dwindling, and energy demand. The construction sector is now trending toward using alternative building materials in place of natural resources and cement, therefore decreasing environmental impact and increasing sustainability. The research carried out for sustainable development based on waste material utilization in cement-based composites has been reviewed in this study. Two approaches have been adopted in this review, i.e., a scientometric analysis and a comprehensive manual review. Scientometric analysis was performed to provide the statistical overview of the present research over the last two decades. The scope of the study was narrowed to the utilization of waste materials, including recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste, waste glass, rice husk ash, and natural fibers in cementitious composites for construction sustainability. Moreover, their various aspects were described in detail, including the influence on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of materials, sustainability aspect, limitations, and possible improvement techniques. It was concluded that utilizing these waste materials in cementitious materials may lead towards eco-friendly construction; however, their impact on the performance of the resulting material is inconsistent. Their use in lower proportions is favorable, while a higher proportion has detrimental effects on material properties. This study also identified gaps in the present research, and future studies are suggested.