A framework for enhancing safety planning in oil and gas construction projects

The construction and building industry is a major driver of economic growth; however, safety performance remains a key challenge. This research aimed to develop an effective framework to improve safety planning for oil and gas construction projects. A mixed methods approach was utilized, including a questionnaire survey of 167 construction practitioners and interviews with project engineers. Results showed materials/equipment factors as most significant, with “damaged equipment” having the highest RII of 0.821. The second highest factor was “poor equipment condition” (RII = 0.814), followed by “limited material transportation protections” (RII = 0.804). Among management factors, “performance pressure” scored highest (RII = 0.871), while “insufficient staffing” was lowest (RII = 0.775). For worker factors, “poor communication” ranked first (RII = 0.818) and “lack of knowledge” last (RII = 0.779). In terms of site factors, “accidents from carelessness” was predominant (RII = 0.811) but “limited workspace” was least considerable (RII = 0.768). Further statistical analysis using Spearman's correlation coefficient showed that the perspectives of contractors, consultants, and safety/health officers had positive and significant correlations in the range of 0.35 to 0.45. This research provides empirical evidence on the most influential safety factors in oil and gas projects and proposes a practical framework for contractors and managers to improve safety planning and performance. The framework offers a proactive risk-based approach to reducing accidents and protecting workers in this hazardous industry.