TY - JOUR
T1 - A correlation between oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy
T2 - An updated review
AU - Hussain, Afzal
AU - Ashique, Sumel
AU - Afzal, Obaid
AU - Altamimi, Mohammad A.
AU - Malik, Abdul
AU - Kumar, Shubneesh
AU - Garg, Ashish
AU - Sharma, Nidhi
AU - Farid, Arshad
AU - Khan, Tasneem
AU - Altamimi, Abdulmalik S.A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/11
Y1 - 2023/11
N2 - Oxidative stress (OS) is a cytopathic outcome of excessively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), down regulated antioxidant defense signaling pathways, and the imbalance between the produced radicals and their clearance. It plays a role in the genesis of several illnesses, especially hyperglycemia and its effects. Diabetic retinal illness, a micro vascular side effect of the condition, is the prime reason of diabetic related blindness. The OS (directly or indirectly) is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and related consequences. The OS is responsible to induce and interfere the metabolic signaling pathways to enhance influx of the polyol cascades and hexosamine pathways, stimulate Protein Kinase-C (PKC) variants, and accumulate advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Additionally, the inequity between the scavenging and generation of ROS is caused by the epigenetic alteration caused by hyperglycemia that suppresses the antioxidant defense system. Induced by an excessive buildup of ROS, retinal changes in structure and function include mitochondrial damage, cellular death, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend and clarify the mechanisms connected to oxidative stress that underlie the development of DR.
AB - Oxidative stress (OS) is a cytopathic outcome of excessively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), down regulated antioxidant defense signaling pathways, and the imbalance between the produced radicals and their clearance. It plays a role in the genesis of several illnesses, especially hyperglycemia and its effects. Diabetic retinal illness, a micro vascular side effect of the condition, is the prime reason of diabetic related blindness. The OS (directly or indirectly) is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and related consequences. The OS is responsible to induce and interfere the metabolic signaling pathways to enhance influx of the polyol cascades and hexosamine pathways, stimulate Protein Kinase-C (PKC) variants, and accumulate advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Additionally, the inequity between the scavenging and generation of ROS is caused by the epigenetic alteration caused by hyperglycemia that suppresses the antioxidant defense system. Induced by an excessive buildup of ROS, retinal changes in structure and function include mitochondrial damage, cellular death, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend and clarify the mechanisms connected to oxidative stress that underlie the development of DR.
KW - Diabetic retinopathy
KW - Hyperglycemia
KW - Inflammation
KW - Mitochondrial dysfunction
KW - Oxidative stress
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85171997090&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109650
DO - 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109650
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37734426
AN - SCOPUS:85171997090
SN - 0014-4835
VL - 236
JO - Experimental Eye Research
JF - Experimental Eye Research
M1 - 109650
ER -
