A Comparative Analysis of Open Flap Debridement with and without Autogenous Periosteal Graft as a Barrier Membrane for the Treatment of Class II Furcation Involvement in Mandibular Molars: A Case-control Study

Background: The current study aimed to compare the efficiency of autogenous periosteal graft (APG) as a barrier to open flap debridement (OFD) in Class II mandibular furcation defects. Methods: A total of 24 patients participated in this research and were divided into the test group and the control group. The test group received treatment with OFD plus APG as a barrier, while the control group received only OFD. Plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), vertical probing pocket depth (V-PPD), vertical relative attachment level (V-RAL), relative gingival marginal level (RGML), and horizontal probing depth (HPD) were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months, respectively, in both groups. The normality test was performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Descriptive statistics were performed for V-PPD, HPD, RGM, L, and V-RAL. A comparison between baseline and 3 months and 6 months was made using the paired t-test. Results: The PI and PBI scores were compared at baseline, 3, and 6 months in both groups, which indicated no significant differences. A comparison of clinical parameters, V-PPD, V-RAL, RGML, and HPD, from baseline to 3 and 6 months in both groups showed significant differences except for RGML from baseline to 6 months in the control group. Moreover, the comparative analysis between the control and test groups showed significant improvement in all clinical parameters. Conclusion: APG, along with OFD as a barrier in the management of Class II mandibular furcation defects, demonstrated a significant advancement in clinical parameters.