Various methods for the synthesis of NiTiO₃ and ZnTiO₃ nanomaterials and their optical, sensor and photocatalyst potentials: A review

Nanoceramic and nanomaterial production with appropriate structure, morphology, and particle size is considered one of the remarkable nanoscience areas. To accomplish this object, one of the most suitable methods is sol–gel, by which acquiring desired structures through altering some parameters would be possible. For the first time, we focus on the fabrication of some transition metal titanate by various pathways owing to the important usage of this materials group in technology. The introduction of conventional and titanium compounds of NiTiO₃ and ZnTiO₃ are given. Moreover, a related mechanism was suggested to elucidate their synthesis. This study examined the influence of temperature and time reaction, reactants concentration, Ti⁴⁺ and M²⁺ sources, surfactant, etc., on the particle size, morphology, and some characteristics of achieved nanomaterials. In this review, by focusing on nanocrystalline MTiO₃ (M: Zn and Ni), it was concluded that they had a wide range of applications, such as photocatalysts for purification and treatment of water and air, corrosion, solar cells, batteries, humidity sensors, and gas sensors.