The effect of the zigzag arrangement of lithium-ion batteries inside the air duct of an office building for heating and evaluation of the impact of the number of air outlets in different seasons of the year

This paper examines a hybrid battery system for heating an office building. Lithium cells have been one of the most common devices with high energy storage. However, the heat generated when they are placed close to each other has been a significant problem in these systems. A system is designed in this paper to use heat for heating a residential unit. The battery packs are placed inside the air duct, and each pack has 81 batteries 18,650. The batteries are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The airflow passes through the batteries, cools the batteries, and then is directed into the building. For each floor of the building, one of the ventilation units is considered with a battery. The model with three outlets causes the highest maximum temperature (T_Max) of battery cells and the minimum heat transfer coefficient (HETC) among different models, while the 1-outlet one has the lowest T_Max of battery cells and the maximum HETC. However, using the single-outlet model leads to the maximum pressure drop (ΔP), and the outlet air has the minimum temperature. At the same time, using the three-outlet model creates the minimum ΔP, and the outlet air temperature (T_Outlet) has the maximum value. The model with 3 outlets can reduce the required heating energy consumption (ENC) by 23% in spring.