Targeting of NF-κB/NLRP3 Axis in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-associated metabolic disorder characterized by transient hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin sensitivity and β-cell dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory pathways, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), play crucial roles in initiating and perpetuating insulin resistance and glucose intolerance during GDM. Methods: This review comprehensively examines the current literature on the molecular mechanisms linking the NLRP3/NF-κB signaling axis to the development of GDM. Relevant studies were identified through database searches focusing on inflammation-mediated insulin resistance, cytokine regulation, and therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways. Results: Findings indicate that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, which contribute to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Experimental models demonstrate that inhibition of these signaling cascades mitigates inflammation, improves insulin sensitivity, and normalizes glucose metabolism, suggesting their critical involvement in GDM pathogenesis. Conclusion: The NLRP3/NF-κB axis plays a pivotal role in mediating inflammation and insulin resistance in GDM. Targeting this pathway may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing or managing GDM. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate its molecular interactions and validate potential pharmacological interventions.