Synthesis of glycerol carbonate via direct carbonation of glycerol in CO₂ over Pd/CeO₂/TiO₂ catalyst

We report herein the effect of Pd loading supported over CeO₂/TiO₂ nanocomposite for catalytic carbonation of glycerol with CO₂. The synthesized catalyst was thoroughly characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques and overserved uniformly dispersed 1.5 % Pd nanoparticles of 5–20 nm showed improved conversion of glycerol to 34 % with 60 % glycerol carbonate selectivity at 150°C. Reaction parameters, such as temperature, CO₂ pressure, mmol of 2-cyanopyridine, and the reaction time, were investigated. Sheldon's hot filtration test confirmed the catalyst's heterogeneity with no leaching up to five consecutive cycles.