Synthesis and characterization of fullerene modified with copper nanoparticles catalyzed C–H bond activation as a sustainable and green catalyst for electro synthesis of benzothiazole derivatives

In this study, our focus was on synthesizing and characterizing a fullerene modified with copper nanoparticles. This modified fullerene catalyzes for the eco-friendly synthesis of benzothiazole 5(a-m) derivatives. These derivatives are obtained through the reaction of 2-iodoaniline 1(a-f), toluene 2(a-e), and Na₂S resulting in good yields (89–94 %). The nanocomposite catalyst underwent thorough characterization using various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Ultraviolet (UV), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Cyclic voltammetry (CVs) and X Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) spectroscopy. By utilizing this catalyst, we achieve a more environmentally friendly approach to synthesis, reducing the requirement for hazardous and toxic reagents, and minimizing waste generation through reusability. The products obtained in this study were characterized using melting point determination, 1HNMR spectroscopy, and CHN analysis. These analytical techniques were employed to establish the identity and purity of the synthesized compounds.