TY - JOUR
T1 - Simultaneous Quantification of Some Fluoroquinolone Residues in Real Wastewater Effluents Using CZE
AU - Abdel-Gawad, Sherif A.
AU - Altharawi, Ali
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/5
Y1 - 2023/5
N2 - Since active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are directly related to human health, monitoring and quantifying them in the environment is a crucial and challenging issue. Using capillary-zone electrophoresis (CZE), four frequently used fluoroquinolones (FQs), ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin, were efficiently isolated and measured in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed and used as an efficient sample pretreatment procedure. The capillary electrophoretic procedure’s various parameters were tuned to produce the optimal separation pattern for the drugs under consideration. All of the drugs under study were quantified in a concentration range of 0.5 to 50 µg/mL. After full assay validation in compliance with ICH-Q2B criteria, real wastewater samples were subjected to effective SPE, and the proposed assay was successfully used to determine the examined FQs in real wastewater samples.
AB - Since active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are directly related to human health, monitoring and quantifying them in the environment is a crucial and challenging issue. Using capillary-zone electrophoresis (CZE), four frequently used fluoroquinolones (FQs), ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin, were efficiently isolated and measured in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed and used as an efficient sample pretreatment procedure. The capillary electrophoretic procedure’s various parameters were tuned to produce the optimal separation pattern for the drugs under consideration. All of the drugs under study were quantified in a concentration range of 0.5 to 50 µg/mL. After full assay validation in compliance with ICH-Q2B criteria, real wastewater samples were subjected to effective SPE, and the proposed assay was successfully used to determine the examined FQs in real wastewater samples.
KW - CZE
KW - electro-osmotic flow
KW - fluoroquinolones
KW - solid-phase extraction
KW - wastewater effluents
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85160351320&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/separations10050292
DO - 10.3390/separations10050292
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85160351320
SN - 2297-8739
VL - 10
JO - Separations
JF - Separations
IS - 5
M1 - 292
ER -