Serum uric acid as prognostic marker of coronary heart disease (CHD)

Background A substantial body of epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests the significance of serum uric acid as an important and independent risk factor of cardio vascular and renal diseases especially in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor of coronary heart disease. Several studies showed positive association between hyperuricemia and CHD risk factors. Objective To analyze the serum uric acid levels in patients with diabetes and hypertension, which helps in understanding its role as prognostic marker of coronary heart disease. Method The study was conducted in population of Wadi-Al Dawasir (K.S.A.) aged 20–80 years through random sampling from October 2012 to June 2013. It included 250 samples and the cases were categorized into diabetic and hypertensive. In the cases, purely hypertensive were 52, diabetic were 57 and mixed group included both diabetic and hypertensive patients 65. Fasting blood was collected to analyze lipid profile which included (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) and serum uric acid in association with age and heredity was also studied. Patient demographics were recorded. Results The study revealed significant association of serum uric acid (p < 0.014) and total cholesterol (p < 0.007) triglycerides (p < 0.009) low density lipoprotein (p < 0.044) in hypertensive group. Serum uric acid levels in the mixed group patients with diabetes and hypertension reported serum uric acid (p < 0.0037), total cholesterol (p < 0.089+) proved to have increased risk of coronary heart disease. When compared to controls (non-diabetic p < 0.529) and (non-hypertensive p < 0.021) with respect to serum uric acid levels show the magnitude of risk to coronary heart disease. With progressing age the association of lipid profile and serum uric acid reported (p < 0.001) in diabetics. Conclusion Significant correlations were found between serum uric acid and risk factors for CHD. This is first study of its kind in this region of K.S.A., which helps the community to understand the role of serum uric acid in coronary heart disease, justifies the objective of research in taking preventive measures to combat the deleterious effect of coronary heart disease. Prevention and early detection of elevated uric acid in both hypertensive and diabetic patients could serve as effective investigative tool in reducing coronary heart disease.