Self-rated peri-implant oral symptoms and clinicoradiographic characteristics in Narghile-smokers, cigarette-smokers, and nonsmokers with peri-implantitis

Background: The hypothesis is that self-rated peri-implant oral symptoms (OS) and clinical (plaque index [PI] and probing depth [PD]) and radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) are higher in (cigarette-smokers [CS]) and (waterpipe-users) than (nonsmokers [NS]). The aim was to relate peri-implant self-perceived OS with clinico-radiographic parameters among CS, waterpipe-users, and NS. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on self-reported CS, waterpipe-users, and NS with peri-implantitis. A questionnaire was used to record peri-implant self-perceived OS (pain in gums, bleeding gums, bad breath, and loose implant) and demographic data (age, sex, duration of smoking and waterpipe usage, duration of implants in function, duration since diagnosis of peri-implantitis). Clinico-radiographic parameters (CBL, PD, PI, and bleeding on probing [BOP]) were also measured; and compared with the self-perceived OS. Group comparisons were done for perceived OS and clinico-radiographic variables, and significant differences were deemed when P-values were under.05. Results: One hundred male participants (35 CS, 33 waterpipe-users, and 32 NS) with peri-implantitis were included. Pain in gums (P <.05) and bad breath (P <.05) were more frequently perceived by CS and waterpipe-users than NS. There was no significant difference in perceived bleeding gums around the implant or loose implant among all groups. The CBL (P <.01), PI (P <.001), and PD (P <.01) were significantly high in CS and waterpipe-users than NS. NS (P <.05) had significantly higher BOP than waterpipe-users and CS. There was no significant difference in CBL, PI, PD, and BOP among waterpipe-users and CS. Conclusion: Tobacco-smokers present with worse peri-implant perceived OS and clinicoradiograhic parameters than nonsmokers with peri-implantitis.