Retraction notice to "Plant mediated biosynthesis of Mn₃O₄ nanostructures and their biomedical applications" (Heliyon, (2024), 10, 6, (e27695), (S2405844024037265), 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27695)

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Post-publication, an investigation conducted on behalf of the journal by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team identified a concern around the authenticity of the following figures/image panels: Figure 7 Panel HA100 (Flow cytometric analysis of promastigotes treated with Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles, MA, and Mix) from the current article and Figure 12 Panel Crocin+AmpB 12.5 (Effect of crocin, amphotericin B (AmpB), and combination on programmed cell death of Leishmania major promastigotes) from the article published in PLOS ONE which was authored by a different group of researchers appear to depict the same source image, but are described as representing different experimental samples. Additionally, Figure 7 Panel Mix100 (Flow cytometric analysis of promastigotes treated with Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles, MA, and Mix) from the current article and Figure 12 Panel Crocin+AmpB 25 (Effect of crocin, amphotericin B (AmpB), and combination on programmed cell death of Leishmania major promastigotes) from the same article published in PLOS ONE appear to depict the same source image, but are described as representing different experimental samples. Salarkia E, Sharifi I, Keyhani A, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Khosravi A, Sharifi F, et al. (2023) In silico and in vitro potentials of crocin and amphotericin B on Leishmania major: Multiple synergistic mechanisms of actions. PLoS ONE 18(9): e0291322. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291322 The authors were requested to provide comment on these concerns, as well as the original unprocessed image files to aid investigation. It was felt that the explanation provided were unsatisfactory in resolving these concerns. The Editor has determined that the findings of the article cannot be relied upon and has decided to retract the article. The authors have not responded to the retraction notice.