Retraction notice to “Numerical simulation of air outlet spacing change in thermal management Lithium- ion battery pack with triangular arrangement for use in electric vehicles” [J. Energy Storage 49 (2022) 104117] (Journal of Energy Storage (2022) 49, (S2352152X22001530), (10.1016/j.est.2022.104117))

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). Please note that an Expression of Concern has previously been published to alert readers to an ongoing investigation into this paper. This retraction supersedes the Expression of Concern. This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. In investigating concerns brought up regarding the article, the editor reached out to the authors for an explanation. Post-publication, the Editor-in-Chief discovered suspicious changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper. In summary, one author was removed from the paper and the author's name Bahaaedin A. Elkhader was added to the revised paper without exceptional approval by the journal Editor, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship. The authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation to the above points. Post-publication, the Editor-in-Chief also discovered that an email address used by the authors during the submission process was associated with multiple researcher accounts. The Editor has determined that the authorship of the paper cannot be relied upon. Furthermore, the acceptance of this article was partly based upon the positive advice of reviewer reports from reviewers who were closely linked to the Guest Editor, Masoud Afrand. In addition, the citations included in the paper benefited some of the Guest Editors, namely Nader Karimi [8 citations] and Masoud Afrand [7 citations]. Overall, the Editor has determined that the paper should be retracted.