Recent approach of wild horse optimizer for identifying the optimal parameters of high efficiency triple-junction solar system

This paper proposes a new methodology incorporated recent metaheuristic approach named wild horse optimizer (WHO) to construct the equivalent circuit of triple-junction solar (TJS) panel. The proposed WHO is employed to identify the optimal parameters of the constructed circuit with the aid of experimental data, the target is minimizing the integral time absolute error (ITAE) between the measured and estimated currents. Two systems are analyzed, the first one is TJS panel operated at different irradiances while the second one is array comprising three panels connected in series, three shade patterns are investigated on the array. The proposed WHO is compared to other approaches of enhanced moth search algorithm (EMSA), sparrow search algorithm (SSA), dingo optimization algorithm (DOA), equilibrium optimizer (EO), chimp optimizer (CO), manta-ray foraging optimizer (MRFO), and Harris Hawks optimizer (HHO). Moreover, statistical tests of Wilcoxon sign rank, Friedman, multiple comparison test, and ANOVA table are performed. Furthermore, root mean square error (RMSE), relative error (RE), and approach efficiency are calculated. The proposed WHO succeeded in extracting maximum power (MP) of 570.7943 W from the constructed model operated at normal conditions with an efficiency of 99.93%. During operation at shadow, the proposed approach outperformed the others achieving the best fitness values of 0.0049, 0.0125, and 0.064471 A for all studied shade patterns. The results confirmed the robustness and competence of the proposed WHO in constructing reliable equivalent circuit of the TJS panel.