Passive techniques for improvement of freezing within storage system involving nanoparticles

The purpose of utilizing fins connected to the inner pipe is reaching a higher speed of discharging in this article. Nanoparticles with two shapes have been added into PCM (water) to create nanomaterial and improve the speed of freezing. Unsteady simulation of the present model was done via FEM including implicit technique. Besides, the patterns of the mesh follow the position of the solid front. The uniform distribution of CuO nanoparticles allows the use of a homogeneous model for nanomaterials including various shapes of additives. FEM based code was used to reach the solutions for various cases and for reaching better convergence, mesh adaptation with position of ice has been utilized. The time reduces about 5.21 % and 2.95 % with augment of the shape parameter when the fractions of CuO are 0.04 and 0.02. With dispersion of powders, the period of process drops 9.6 %–22.08 % depending on the amount of variables.