Optimal energy scheduling of the smart stand-alone electrical distribution grid considering power-to-gas storage technology and reserve strategy

This study focused on the optimal energy operation of the stand-alone electrical distribution grid based on technical and economic indices under uncertainty of the load demand and renewable energy sources. The two reserve strategies consisting of (1) power-to-gas (P2G) technology as a storage system and (2) load curtailment strategy (LCS) are taken into account as proposed approaches to improvement of the technical and economic indices at operation time. Using P2G technology, stored natural gas can be applied to backup generators to meet demand at peak times. As well, LCS is implemented subject to bid prices to consumers for demand reduction at emergency times. The multi-objective functions such as (1) minimizing the operation cost, (2) maximizing the reliability, and (3) improving the voltage profile are considered as main economic and technical objectives. The optimization of the proposed approach is carried out by the ant colony algorithm. On the other side, by the TOPSIS decision-making method, the desired optimal solution is obtained in non-dominated solutions. Finally, in order to represent the effectiveness and validation of proposed reserve strategies, the mentioned strategies are applied to the IEEE-33 bus as an electrical distribution grid in three case studies.