Numerical study on non-Fourier heat and mass transfer in partially ionized MHD Williamson hybrid nanofluid

This article aims to analyze the combined effects of Hall and ion slip currents, Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium, and non-uniform magnetic field under the suspension of hybrid nanoparticles. The flow situation is transformed into mathematical problems using conservation laws and correlations among thermophysical properties of base fluid nano and hybrid nanoparticles. These mathematical models are approximated under boundary layer (BL) approximations. The similarity analysis is performed and the finite element method (FEM) is deployed for the simulations and further investigations regarding non-Fourier behavior of heat and mass transfer. The present results have good agreement with the published benchmark which is a special case of present work. The numerical simulations for the motion of fluid particles under the variation of Weissenberg number are observed and it is noticed that fluid motion decelerates for higher values of Weissenberg number. Significant retardation to the motion of the fluid is seen because of an increase in the Darcy porous medium parameter as an increase in it implies a decrease in the permeability of the porous. Thermal relaxation is the property of the fluid due to which it avoids thermal changes to maintain thermal equilibrium. Therefore, a remarkable decrease in the temperature of fluid exhibiting thermal relaxation characteristics is noticed. It is also noted from numerical experiments that Hall and ion slip currents are responsible to slow down the Ohmic dissipation phenomenon. Thus the property of ionized fluid helps in controlling the thickness of thermal BL. Numerical experiments have shown that the solutal relaxation time for hybrid nanofluid is greater than that for mono nanofluid. Mass diffusivity of the fluid with hybrid nanofluid is less than that of mono nanofluid.