Nanotechnology: A Boost for the Urgently Needed Second Green Revolution in Indian Agriculture

Nanotechnology has been proclaimed as an industrial revolution. Early spurt in agrarian development rate as an after effect of the ‘First Green Revolution’ has resulted sprung the rate in agricultural growth. However, it is now experiencing a slowdown. Demands have been rising for enhancing agricultural productivity through several measures and nanotechnology is one of them. Application of nanotechnology in agriculture has been a key interest of public and researchers especially over the last decades. Potential of nanotechnology in bringing changes in agricultural industry is promising. Invention of nanotech-based tools and equipment has the aim of increasing agricultural efficiency as well as to overcome challenges faced. Nanomaterial application may be the key element to nutrient optimizing management that will reduce nutrient loss in fertilization, as well as reduction in plant protection products application. The present chapter discusses the overview of possible nanotechnology field applications in food and agricultural industries, as well as assessing its pros and cons.