Morphological and molecular variations studies in high yielding cultivars of amomum subulatum (roxb.) collected from north-eastern part of india

Amomum subulatum cultivars (Seremna, Sawney, Varlangey and Ramla) collected from Sikkim (India) were studied on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. In this study, the morphological traits were varied in the several parameters such as tillers per plant, spikes per tiller, capsules per spike and seeds per fruit (capsule). Further, the GC-MS analysis revealed that the active metabolite 1,8 cineole (88.2% Varlangey and 85.66% Seremna) were observed higher than Sawney (72.7%) and Ramla (55.2%) cultivars. The selected cultivars were further carried-out to observe the genetic similarities or polymorphism in between the cultivars through PCRRAPD methods. The highest pair-wise similarities (80%) were recorded in between Seremna and Varlangey, Sawney and Ramla. High degree of divergence among these cultivars was observed in phylogenetic analyses using the UPGMA method for complete linkage and percent disagreement. On the basis of our findings, we therefore concluded that the present study showed a great extinct of diversity in between the cultivars which can be helpful for growers or breeders in term of high yields and physio-chemical characters. It can also be easily differentiating the phenotypic, chemotypic and genotypic variations in between the Amomum subulatum cultivars.