Mixed systems of hydroxyapatite Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃)/Graphene oxide for medical applications: antibacterial, mechanical and morphology

Hydroxyapatite (HAP), Gallium oxide(Ga₂O₃), and graphene oxide (GO) are recommended to be utilized for biologic scaffold utility. The fabricated compositions introduce multi-functionality. Moreover, the structural configurations were investigated by XRD. Also, the surface morphology inspection was executed by electron microscopes (FESEM, and TEM). The nano-rods of HAP appeared with a diameter (around 26-74 nm), and lengths ranging from 43 to 166 nm. Also, TNC is displayed with diameter and length ranging from 12-56 and 17-171 nm, respectively. Also, the micro-hardness study confirms the advances in mechanical behavior upon HAP/Ga₂O₃/GO TNC formation, that it achieved 3.2±0.1GPa. As well, biocompatibility is approved via in vitro cell viability examination and is growing up from 95.9 ± 3% to 98.3 ± 4 %. by moving from HAP to ternary nano0composite (TNC). In this respect, the antibacterial performance was detected as a mirror of the inhibition zone area (mm). The inhibition zone is taken widening in the case of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well, TNC achieves 20.9 ± 1.2 and 20.1 ± 1.1 mm, respectively. Consequently, the prepared NCs are promising in the biological sector of application.