LQR-Based Control for Standalone DC Microgrids With Photovoltaic and Battery Integration

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely used, especially in rural and remote locations where traditional grid access is limited. A major challenge associated with PV systems is their variable power output, which fluctuates due to changes in irradiance and temperature. Additionally, the dynamic nature of load demands further complicates the management of these systems. To address these issues, battery storage is commonly used to smooth out power fluctuations resulting from the variable nature of PV panels. Control techniques for PV-battery systems must effectively manage power flows and stabilize bus voltages. This paper presents a control strategy for maintaining DC bus voltage in a PV/battery system using a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). The proposed LQR-based controller is designed to effectively regulate the DC bus voltage, ensure power balance within the system, and minimize transients during disturbances. The performance of the proposed control approach is validated through extensive simulation-based analysis, demonstrating its effectiveness in stabilizing the system and managing power fluctuations.