Insight into kerosene conveying CNTs and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles through a porous medium: Significance of Coriolis force and entropy generation

Nanomaterials have advanced features due which it is more efficient in different areas like refrigerator, hybrid-power engine, engine cooling, pharmaceutical processes etc. Hybrid nanomaterials are significant for the improvement of heat transfer in the fluid. The aim of this study is to communicate irreversibility analysis in Dracy-Forchheimer flow of nanomaterials with hybrid nanoparticles/ kerosene oil mixture. Xue’s and Hamilton-Crosser models are converted for hybrid empirical relations. Analysis of entropy is performed to estimate the disorder within the thermo-physical frame. The governing flow expressions have been converted to ODEs by dimensionless variables. The obtained system have been computed through NDSolve based Shooting scheme. Behavior of various parameters on different distributions are provided via tables and graphs. Further detailed assessment at the surface (skin friction and Nusselt number) is provided across various parameters. Our findings designates that temperature upgraded for both hybrid and nano phases against heat source parameter and Eckert number while a contrary trend is seen for temperature gradient. There is remarkable increase for hybrid nanofluid when compared with common nanoliquid. As a whole hybrid nanomaterials have great influence through out our analysis when compared with regular nanomaterials.