Inflammatory Mediators Released in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Enhance Hyper-Coagulable States: A Crucial Role of Tissue Factor

Background and Objective: Immune complexes and pro-inflammatory cytokines deduced from communicable diseases have been manifested to induce pro coagulopathy and tissue factor (TF) assertion in macrophages and the endothelial cells that remain at critical risk in tuberculosis (TB) patients. The current study was carried out among Sudanese patients with Pulmonary tuberculosis aimed to determine the long-term impacts of Tb infection on the coagulation cascade. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 patients who are already diagnosed with tuberculosis compared with the control group. Pulmonary Tuberculosis diagnosis of cases was emphasized in accordance with clinical examination, chest X-ray and positive Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear. The questionnaire was used for the collection of demographic and baseline data. About 2.5 mL of venous blood was collected in trisodium citrate containers and 2.5 mL of blood was collected in EDTA container. SPSS version 21 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Results: PLT count showed a significant difference (p = 0.03) with a mean (329.20×10³ and 287.60×10³ µLG¹) among patients and control, respectively. APPT shows a significant difference (p = 0.00), Mean of PLT decreased as the disease progressed (336.20±36.02, 345.43±16.02, 511.04±42.02) showed a significant correlation between PLT count of test and duration of disease (p = 0.00). Additionally, a significant correlation between PLT count, MPV and APTT and the status of the patient’s drug resistance was revealed (p<0.02, 0.01 and 0.02). Conclusion: There is a significant alteration in coagulation parameters (PT, APTT and platelets count) among Sudanese pulmonary tuberculosis patients, which may indicate a feature of a hypercoagulable state.