Impact of foreign aid and levels of education on democracy in Pakistan

H. Mahmood; M. W. Siddiqi; A. Iqbal; M. A. Tabassum

Impact of foreign aid and levels of education on democracy in Pakistan

H. Mahmood
, M. W. Siddiqi
, A. Iqbal
, M. A. Tabassum

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

This study examines the relationships between foreign aid, levels of schooling and democracy for Pakistan using the ARDL cointegration approach. The results of study provide strong evidence for fairly robust long run as well as short run relationships among these variables for the period 1973-2008. The results state that foreign aid and primary school enrollments have negative impact on democracy index and high school enrollments have positive impact on democracy index in Pakistan. The study suggests for promotion of education levels and relies on local resources instead of foreign aid for a good quality of political institutions in Pakistan.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1056-1059
Number of pages	4
Journal	World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
Volume	39
State	Published - Mar 2009
Externally published	Yes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 4 Quality Education
SDG 17 Partnerships for the Goals

Keywords

Cointegration
Democracy
Education
Foreign aid

Cite this

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title = "Impact of foreign aid and levels of education on democracy in Pakistan",

abstract = "This study examines the relationships between foreign aid, levels of schooling and democracy for Pakistan using the ARDL cointegration approach. The results of study provide strong evidence for fairly robust long run as well as short run relationships among these variables for the period 1973-2008. The results state that foreign aid and primary school enrollments have negative impact on democracy index and high school enrollments have positive impact on democracy index in Pakistan. The study suggests for promotion of education levels and relies on local resources instead of foreign aid for a good quality of political institutions in Pakistan.",

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T1 - Impact of foreign aid and levels of education on democracy in Pakistan

AU - Mahmood, H.

AU - Siddiqi, M. W.

AU - Iqbal, A.

AU - Tabassum, M. A.

PY - 2009/3

Y1 - 2009/3

N2 - This study examines the relationships between foreign aid, levels of schooling and democracy for Pakistan using the ARDL cointegration approach. The results of study provide strong evidence for fairly robust long run as well as short run relationships among these variables for the period 1973-2008. The results state that foreign aid and primary school enrollments have negative impact on democracy index and high school enrollments have positive impact on democracy index in Pakistan. The study suggests for promotion of education levels and relies on local resources instead of foreign aid for a good quality of political institutions in Pakistan.

AB - This study examines the relationships between foreign aid, levels of schooling and democracy for Pakistan using the ARDL cointegration approach. The results of study provide strong evidence for fairly robust long run as well as short run relationships among these variables for the period 1973-2008. The results state that foreign aid and primary school enrollments have negative impact on democracy index and high school enrollments have positive impact on democracy index in Pakistan. The study suggests for promotion of education levels and relies on local resources instead of foreign aid for a good quality of political institutions in Pakistan.

KW - Cointegration

KW - Democracy

KW - Education

KW - Foreign aid

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84871672726

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84871672726

SN - 2010-376X

VL - 39

SP - 1056

EP - 1059

JO - World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

JF - World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

ER -

Impact of foreign aid and levels of education on democracy in Pakistan

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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