Identifying the optimal parameters of triple-diode model of perovskite solar cell considering aging and light prolonged using recent optimization algorithms

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), as a third-generation SCs which are fabricated based on nanotechnology techniques and have high power conversion efficiency, are highly recommended to replace the conventional silicon solar cells. In this paper, the PSCs devices are fabricated and characterized in the laboratory and the optimized model of PSC is presented. The experimental J-V curves for both fresh and aged devices under 20 days aging and under light exposure aging tests were experimentally determined for checking the fabricated devices stability. For more understanding of the device performance and parameters determination, triple-diode model is adopted for its superior accuracy although it is complex. The diode ideality factor is difficult to determine experimentally; therefore, the mathematical model of the fabricated PSCs is solved using many optimization algorithms to obtain the precise model parameters. The optimization results revealed the superiority of the marine predator's algorithm (MPA) a mong the used group. For the case of aging fresh, the average cost values ranged between 3.782E-05 and 0.003522. the best value of 3.782E-05 is achieved by MPA follows by NGO (4.2E-05) whereas the poorest outcome, 0.003522, was associated with OOA. STD values spanned the range of 1.041E-05 and 0.003948. The best STD value of 1.041E-05 is achieved by MPA follows by NGO (1.53E-05) whereas the worst one of 0.003948 is obtained by OOA. For the case of light fresh, the average cost values ranged between 4.078E-05 and 0.003211. the best value of 3.782E-05 is achieved by MPA follows by MFO (4.292E-05) whereas the worst one of 0.003211 is obtained by OOA. STD values spanned the range of 1.038E-05 and 0.003652. The best STD value of 1.038E-05 is achieved by MPA follows by NGO (1.7849E-5) whereas the worst one of 0.003948 is obtained by OOA.