Global Competitiveness and Gross Domestic Product in Mena Countries

Global competitiveness is considered one of the most important economic indicators that attracted attention in the economic literature, both at the theoretical and empirical level because of its direct and indirect effects on other macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, unemployment, inflation, and other variables. However, this literature did not resolve the controversy over a specific concept for global competitiveness or its sub indicators to measure that competitiveness, as several international bodies and organizations issue periodic reports on measuring global competitiveness in most countries of the world according to methodologies that differ according to the authority or the organization issuing the report. This difference in the methodology for measuring global competitiveness directly affected the credibility of this concept and its reflection on The standard of living of citizens or the economic performance of the country in general, Therefore, the study aimed to explore the determinants of global competitiveness in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), based on the Global Competitiveness Index issued by the World Economic Forum (WEF) to reach these determinants and rank them according to their direct impact on global competitiveness. and indirect impact on GDP in countries of the study.