Features of entropy optimization on viscous second grade nanofluid streamed with thermal radiation: A Tiwari and Das model

The present investigation signifies the Second grade nanofluid stream with porous media, viscous dissipation, joule heating and thermal radiation effects over a moving flat horizontal surface with entropy analysis. This study presents a novel idea regarding the implementation of single phase (Tiwari and Das) model on Second grade fluid model by considering Engine Oil (EO) as a base fluid. Single phase model considers nanoparticles volume fraction for heat transfer enhancement instead of the Buongiorno model which heavily relies on thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion effects for heat transfer analysis. The velocity slip and convective slip boundary conditions have been employed at the surface of the sheet. By utilizing the suitable transformations, the modeled PDEs (partial-differential equations) are renewed in ODEs (ordinary-differential equations) and treated these equations analytically with the help of Variation Iteration Method (VIM). Two different classes of nanofluids, Copper-engine oil (Cu−EO) and Titanium oxide-engine oil (TiO₂−EO) have been taken into considering for our analysis. The behavior of surface drag coefficient and Nusselt number for the varied values of various sundry parameters is designed via tables. Our findings show that an increase in the Reynolds and Brinkman numbers increased the overall entropy of the system. Moreover, the stricking outcome of the current study is that due to the heavier density of the Cu nanoparticle the inclusion of nanoparticle volume fraction retards the flow profile and though Cu is a good conductor of heat it boosts up the fluid temperature throughout the domain.