Factors associated with poor asthma control in the outpatient clinic setting

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The goal of the study was to assess asthma control using asthma control test (ACT) and to explore the factors that effects asthma control among participants with bronchial asthma in the outpatient clinic setting. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the outpatient primary care clinic at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh. Adult patients who were diagnosed with bronchial asthma by their primary treating physician were recruited over a 6-month period. Patients completed the ACT and questionnaires, which identified factors that affect asthma control. RESULTS: Four hundred asthmatic patients (n = 400) were enrolled, and 70% of these patients were women. Fifty-four percent of patients inappropriately used the inhaler device. The estimated prevalence of uncontrolled asthma at the time of the study was 39.8%. Inappropriate device use by the patient was more frequently associated with uncontrolled asthma (P - value = 0.001). Active smoking (P - value = 0.007), passive smoking (P - value = 0.019), unsealed mattress (P - value = 0.030), and workplace triggers (P - value = 0.036) were also associated with uncontrolled asthma. However, the extent of asthma control did not appear to be related to the existence of regular follow-ups, bedroom carpets, outpatient clinic visits, age, body mass index (BMI), or duration of asthma. CONCLUSION: The present study identified a high prevalence of uncontrolled asthma in the primary outpatient clinic setting and common risk factors that may contribute to poor asthma control.