Fabrication of rare earth dysprosium doped Ca–Cu (1:1) based Ca_0.5Cu_0.5Fe_12–xDy_xO₁₉ ferrites for structural and magnetic investigations

Hexaferrites' magnetic and structural properties are highly sensitive to changes in sintering temperature and cationic replacements. We fabricated Ca_0.5Cu_0.5Fe_12–xDy_xO₁₉ hexaferrites using the sol–gel technique. We examined the phase, microstructure and magnetic aspects of the samples with respect to varying doping of rare earth dysprosium. The results show the expansion in the lattice upon incorporation of dysprosium against iron. Morphological studies confirm the uniform distribution of particles with slightly longitudinal nanoflakes in one direction. Magnetic investigations show an increase in magnetic saturation (M_s) with increasing dysprosium incorporation till optimum level is achieved for 15% doping concentration, with negligible change for maximum doping level. Furthermore, coercivity (H_c) and magnetic moment (m_B) in terms of Bohr's magneton (μ_B) also show an increasing trend with dysprosium substitution levels. The maximum saturation magnetization of 33.355 emu/g is achieved with magnetic remanence of 18.290 emu/g, along with optimum magnetic moment of 6.249 μ_B. In addition to the traditional magnetic parameters, magnetic anisotropy parameters were explored for the deep insights into magnetic parameters. These outcomes suggest that improved magnetic properties of Ca_0.5Cu_0.5Fe_12–xDy_xO₁₉ ferrites make it good substitute for storage devices, magnetic filters, and other magnetic applications.