Eyes on the Future: Nano-medicine Innovations in Enhancing Ocular Bioavailability

Ocular drug delivery faces significant challenges due to the eye’s complex anatomy and physiological barriers, which often prevent traditional drug delivery systems from reaching effective therapeutic concentrations. Nanomedicine has emerged as a viable solution to enhance the bioavailability of drugs in ocular tissues. This review begins by examining various nanocarriers employed in ocular drug delivery, including liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles, and dendrimers. These carriers enhance drug retention, facilitate targeted delivery, and protect against degradation, thereby improving overall bioavailability. The review also analyzes patents related to nanomedicine formulations for ocular drug delivery, highlighting innovative technologies that address specific challenges in the field. This analysis reveals current research trends and potential future directions. Finally, the review examines clinical trials involving nanomedicine-based ocular delivery systems. Insights into the safety and efficacy of these approaches are provided, guiding researchers and clinicians in advancing these formulations. In conclusion, this review consolidates knowledge on nanomedicine strategies, providing a comprehensive overview of new approaches, relevant patents, and clinical trial findings in ocular drug delivery.