Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Metabolic Indicators in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring antioxidant that has been suggested to have beneficial effects on lipid profiles and blood pressure. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on these parameters in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Objective: To assess the impact of CoQ10 supplementation on lipid profiles and blood pressure in individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to July 2024. Studies included were those that examined the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides) and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) in T2D patients. Results: 16 studies were included. CoQ10supplementation reduced SBP (WMD: −3.86 mmHg, 95% CI: −6.01 to −1.71, P = 0.014, I² = 83.7%; P < 0.001) and DBP (WMD: −2.70 mmHg, 95% CI: −4.50 to −0.91, P = 0.024, I² = 92.1%; P < 0.001), but did not change lipid profile. Additionally, subgroup analysis indicated that the effects of CoQ10 on lipid profiles levels were more pronounced in studies where the daily dosage of CoQ10 was 100 mg or less, and the duration of the study was under 12 weeks. Conclusions: Coenzyme Q10 supplementation appears to have a beneficial effect on lipid profiles and may contribute to lowering blood pressure in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. These findings suggest that CoQ10 could be a valuable adjunctive therapy for managing cardiovascular risk in this population. Additional in-depth research is needed to validate these findings and understand the underlying mechanisms in more detail.