TY - JOUR
T1 - Diels-Alder click chemistry-engineered ion-imprinted polymer for highly selective Gd3+ extraction from aqueous solutions
AU - Elsayed, Nadia H.
AU - Alshareef, Shareefa Ahmed
AU - Alnahdi, Kholoud M.
AU - Aljowni, Maha Ali
AU - Khalil, Sana A.
AU - Alatawi, Raedah A.S.
AU - Alhawiti, Aliyah S.
AU - Bukhari, Abeer Abdulaziz H.
AU - Al-Aoh, Hatem A.
AU - Al-Duais, Mohammed A.
AU - Shalabi, Kamal
AU - Monier, M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2025/9
Y1 - 2025/9
N2 - The selective removal and recovery of gadolinium (Gd3+) ions from aqueous solutions are vital owing to their growing industrial utilization and environmental risks. In the present work, a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived ion-imprinted polymer (Gd-IIP) was developed by using 2-Hydroxy-5-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]benzohydrazide (FBH) as a chelating function. FBH was immobilized in DVB-crosslinked PAN microspheres by nucleophilic addition followed by subsequent Diels-Alder (DA) cross-linking with bis(maleimido)ethane (BM) for the synthesis of stable and selective Gd3+ binding sites. Functionalization was confirmed by characterization by FTIR, XPS, SEM, XRD, BET, and solid-state 13C NMR. Adsorption studies showed that Gd-IIP demonstrated high selectivity and adsorption capacity (448 mg/g) at pH 6.0, which exceeded the non-imprinted polymer (NIP). Selectivity studies against competing ions (Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Y3+, Dy3+, and Ce3+) demonstrated Gd-IIP's superior affinity for Gd3+, with selectivity factor (βGd3+/Mn+) and relative selectivity (βr) values exceeding 30, confirming precise ion recognition. Kinetic and isothermal modeling indicated pseudo-second-order adsorption, with the Sips model as the best fit. Regeneration studies showed over 97 % adsorption retention after five cycles, confirming its reusability and efficiency for wastewater treatment.
AB - The selective removal and recovery of gadolinium (Gd3+) ions from aqueous solutions are vital owing to their growing industrial utilization and environmental risks. In the present work, a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived ion-imprinted polymer (Gd-IIP) was developed by using 2-Hydroxy-5-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]benzohydrazide (FBH) as a chelating function. FBH was immobilized in DVB-crosslinked PAN microspheres by nucleophilic addition followed by subsequent Diels-Alder (DA) cross-linking with bis(maleimido)ethane (BM) for the synthesis of stable and selective Gd3+ binding sites. Functionalization was confirmed by characterization by FTIR, XPS, SEM, XRD, BET, and solid-state 13C NMR. Adsorption studies showed that Gd-IIP demonstrated high selectivity and adsorption capacity (448 mg/g) at pH 6.0, which exceeded the non-imprinted polymer (NIP). Selectivity studies against competing ions (Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Y3+, Dy3+, and Ce3+) demonstrated Gd-IIP's superior affinity for Gd3+, with selectivity factor (βGd3+/Mn+) and relative selectivity (βr) values exceeding 30, confirming precise ion recognition. Kinetic and isothermal modeling indicated pseudo-second-order adsorption, with the Sips model as the best fit. Regeneration studies showed over 97 % adsorption retention after five cycles, confirming its reusability and efficiency for wastewater treatment.
KW - Diels-Alder
KW - Gadolinium ions
KW - Ion-imprinting
KW - Polyacrylonitrile
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105004558265
U2 - 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106307
DO - 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106307
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105004558265
SN - 1381-5148
VL - 214
JO - Reactive and Functional Polymers
JF - Reactive and Functional Polymers
M1 - 106307
ER -
