Conjugate entropy generation and heat transfer in a wavy walls’ enclosure containing a suspension of dilute nano-encapsulated phase change material

The present article numerically investigated the conjugate heat transmission and entropy production of NEPCM enclosed within a cavity. The cavity was modified by inserting wavy blocks on both the top and bottom sides. The left and right borders of the wavy block are exposed to deferential heating, but the rest of the cavity walls are thermally insulated. The equations governing the system were analyzed utilizing Galerkin's weighted finite element method. The findings revealed that manipulating the wave amplitude to higher levels and decreasing the wavelength had a diminishing effect on heat transfer and entropy generation. Conversely, elevating both the Ra and R_k values resulted in a notable rise of up to 66% in the average Nusselt number (Nu_avg). Employing the optimal values of φ = 0.05 and θ_f = 0.5 led to a 12% increase in Nu_avg and a 33% decrease in entropy production.