Complexities of Power Quality and Harmonic-Induced Overheating in Modern Power Grids Studies: Challenges and Solutions

The issue of power quality (PQ) has become increasingly critical in modern power systems due to the growing integration of sensitive electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable energy sources. Among the various PQ concerns, harmonics have emerged as a significant contributor to the overheating of power system components. This overheating phenomenon can have detrimental effects, including reduced equipment lifespan, increased maintenance costs, and unexpected failures. This comprehensive review paper provides an in-depth examination of the impact of harmonics on power system components, with a focus on the overheating problems they induce. The paper delves into an analysis of PQ indices and standards, underscoring the necessity for efficient mitigation techniques to address harmonic-related overheating and other PQ concerns. The review explores the key PQ devices employed to mitigate harmonics, such as passive power filters, active power filters, and advanced devices like D-STATCOM, unified PQ conditioners, and dynamic voltage restorers. Furthermore, it investigates the various control algorithms and optimization techniques utilized in the design of these power filters, emphasizing their pivotal role in addressing harmonics and preventing overheating. It also discusses the applicability of artificial intelligence techniques in mitigating power harmonics and improving PQ in modern power grid studies.