Assessment of photovoltaic system in existence of nanomaterial cooling flow

In this study, a photovoltaic (PV) system was enhanced through the combination of a cooling duct utilizing a nanofluid composed of water and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, aimed at optimizing thermal regulation and improving electrical efficiency. A novel approach was introduced by systematically examining the effects of channel cross-sectional shapes and fin arrangements on heat dissipation. Using a single-phase simulation model, the thermal performance of the nanofluid was evaluated across various nanoparticle shapes, providing new insights into the relationship between geometry and nanofluid cooling efficacy. The results demonstrated that altering the cross-sectional shape generally reduced thermal performance, but strategic fin configurations significantly enhanced heat transfer. The optimal design, featuring eight shorter fins arranged around an eight-lobed pipe, resulted in a 4.3 % improvement in thermal performance. Additionally, blade-shaped nanoparticles were identified as the most effective, enhancing heat absorption by 1.15 % compared to pure water. This research presents the first combination of advanced nanofluid cooling with a detailed analysis of geometric factors (cross-section and fin design) in PV systems. The findings provide practical guidelines for improving heat management in PV cells, ultimately leading to increased electrical efficiency and an extended operational lifespan. These insights hold promising implications for the design of more efficient solar energy systems and could inform future thermal management solutions in renewable energy applications.