Animal models for cancer

Cancer is a complex multifactorial disease that affects many people worldwide. Animal models play an important role in deciphering cancer biology and developing new therapies. The animal models widely used in cancer research include tumor xenografts, genetically engineered mice, chemically induced models, and spontaneous tumor models. These models provide a controlled environment to study cancer progression, the interaction of cancer and the immune system, and the effectiveness of new therapies. Although animal models have several advantages, it is important to identify their limitations and use them in conjunction with other preclinical models, such as in-vitro cell culture and patient-derived xenografts, to ensure that results are transferable to humans. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of animal models in cancer research, the different types of animal models, and their advantages and disadvantages. We also provide some examples of animal models used in cancer research. Collectively, animal models have been invaluable in advancing our understanding of cancer and will continue to be important tools in the development of new therapies.