Analyzing performance of energy storage system during discharging with loading nanoparticle for enhancing the treatment of water

Current article is about the solidification process of water through the complex container. The geometry has extended cold surfaces with complex shapes. The base PCM was mixed with nano-powders to enhance the thermal feature of water. The final model for presentation of freezing contains two equations for predicting the values of temperature and solid fraction. The forms of equations are unsteady and Galerkin method applied for solving them. As volume fraction of alumina enhances, the freezing rate enhances around 41.2 %. With reducing the concentration from 0.04 to 0.02, the freezing time augments about 24.09 % and this percentage for the middle size of particles is 5.3 times greater than that of the biggest powders. The increase of diameter up to 40 nm makes the period to drop by 19.97 %.