Advancements in 2D nanomaterial-enhanced nanofluids: Stability, thermophysical properties, and industrial applications

The incorporation of two-dimensional nanomaterials into nanofluids has attracted considerable interest because of their great potential to improve the thermal properties of different applications. This review briefly looks at the progress made in the incorporation of 2D nanomaterials into nanofluids based on preparation, stability, thermophysical properties, and utility. The review also discusses the better thermal characteristics of 2D nanomaterial, enhanced thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid compared to baseline fluid. The applications of 2D nanomaterial-based nanofluids are found in heat exchangers, solar energy systems, automotive cooling, and the cooling of electronic devices, all of which contribute to enhanced efficiency and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the topic of the present review also includes the comparison of the performance of nanofluids incorporated with 2D nanomaterials. The review looks into the economic and environmental valuations arguing that there could be some form of cost reduction and environmental gains.