Advanced electrochemical insights and biomedical activities of WO₃/TiO₂ heterostructures

This study synthesized WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites using a controlled ex-situ technique. The DPPH method was used to prepare the WO3/TiO2 for antioxidant activity. Our findings showed that the highest Percentage of antioxidant activity of WO₃/TiO₂ exhibited DPPH inhibition activity values of 61.21 %, 64.56 %, and 64.75 %, respectively, due to the activity of DPPH in scavenging radicals. The observed inhibition zones for E. coli and Klebsiella were 25.64 mm and 24.17 mm. For electrochemical studies, at different current densities (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 A g⁻¹), the TiO₂-WO₃ exhibits the longest discharge time. For specific capacitance, TiO₂-WO₃ composite shows the maximum capacitance, reaching 80 F g⁻¹ at 0.8 A g⁻¹ and holding onto 59.5 F g⁻¹ at 1.4 A g⁻¹. In terms of energy density, TiO₂-WO₃ composite reached a maximum of 6.4 Wh kg⁻¹ at 0.8 A g⁻¹. This study indicates that WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites hold significant potential for future biomedical and high-performance supercapacitors.